The origin of the name “Bengaluru” for the capital of Karnataka remains a matter of historical debate and folklore. Despite years of research, it continues to be a mystery for historians. Various stories and legends exist that try to explain how the city got its name.
The Legend of Bendakalur
One widely shared tale involves Kempegowda, the visionary founder of modern Bengaluru . According to the legend, while wandering through a plain area, Kempegowda found himself exhausted, hungry, and thirsty. He approached a small hut, tied his horse to a tree, and called out, “Who is inside?” After a short while, an elderly woman emerged from the hut. The moment Kempegowda saw her, he felt as if he were in the presence of a powerful divine being. He humbly asked, “Mother, could you give me something to eat?” The old woman replied that she had nothing more than sweet potato and baked beans. Kempegowda graciously accepted her offer and quenched his hunger and thirst with the simple meal.
He was deeply moved by the taste and warmth of the food. The sweet beans (a local mix of beans and chickpeas) were far more satisfying than any royal cuisine. Even Viranna, who accompanied him, enjoyed the meal and fed the same to their horses. When they returned to the hut to thank the woman, she had vanished. Kempegowda was convinced that she was a manifestation of his clan deity, Kempamma.
In her honor, he named the place “Bendakalur” — the land of boiled beans. Over time, the name evolved through local dialects and pronunciations into “Bangalore.” However, linguists have contested this transformation, asserting that “Bendakalur” does not linguistically develop into “Bangalore.” Despite this, the legend has endured and continues to captivate the public imagination.
Ancient Historical References
Some historians argue that Bangalore existed as a settlement even in ancient times, long before Kempegowda. They claim it was once a thriving metropolis engaged in trade with foreign lands. As evidence, gold coins belonging to Roman emperors were discovered near present-day Yeshwanthpur, suggesting ancient commercial ties.
Epigraphic records support the idea that a place named Bengaluru existed long ago. Around eight miles from modern Bangalore lies the village of Begur, which is now part of the expanding city. In the 9th century AD, the Nageshwara Temple was constructed there. An inscription discovered near the temple includes the term “Bengaluru,” dating back several centuries before Kempegowda's time. This points to the existence of a settlement known by this name long before the city was formally founded.
Some scholars suggest that during the Ganga dynasty's reign, there was a military training center in the region. It's believed that the area was settled by retired soldiers of the Ganga army and named “Bengavallur.” Over time, linguistic evolution led to the name “Bangalore.” According to this theory, Kempegowda chose to name his city after “Bengavallur,” a name symbolizing valor, trust, and integrity.
Kempegowda's Vision and the Sacred Rabbit
Another legendary account recounts how Kempegowda while surveying potential sites for a new city, witnessed a remarkable scene near the southern part of Yelahanka. A rabbit fearlessly chased away a hunting dog. Astonished by this reversal of roles, Kempegowda interpreted it as a divine sign. He concluded that this land was "Gandubhoomi" — sacred ground fit for establishing a grand city. Inspired by this moment, he laid the foundations for what would become the city of Bangalore.
The Tragic Sacrifice of Mahalakshmi
The building of Bangalore is not without its tale of sacrifice. A fort with four gates was planned for the new city. However, the southern gate repeatedly collapsed no matter how carefully it was built. This baffled Kempegowda and his architects.
Desperate for a solution, they consulted an astrologer who suggested a sacrificial ritual involving a pregnant woman. Though Kempegowda was deeply opposed to superstitions and human sacrifice — having abolished the cruel practice of offering daughters to the goddess in his lineage — he was disturbed by this suggestion. He struggled with the moral dilemma and became visibly distraught.
Mahalakshmi, his elder daughter-in-law, noticed his suffering. In a brave and heartbreaking act, she secretly went to the fort one morning and sacrificed herself at the southern gate, believing it would save her father-in-law's honor and his dream city.
Kempegowda was devastated by this turn of events. Though the gate finally stood firm after her sacrifice, he saw it not as a triumph but a deep wound to the dignity of the Yalahanka dynasty. Mahalakshmi's selflessness was praised by the people, and her parents even expressed pride in her bravery. Yet, Kempegowda grieved silently.
Eventually, he accepted the tragic event and built a Mahalakshmi Temple in Koramangala in her memory. Only then did he find some peace, and the vision of his metropolis could fully materialize.
Other Stories Surrounding the City's Foundation
Several other stories exist regarding the origins of Bangalore. One such tale involves the Hoysala ruler Ballala. While hunting, he reportedly got lost in a dense forest. Weary and hungry, he was offered sweetcorn by an old woman living in a hut. Deeply touched, Ballala declared the land sacred and decided to build a city there — believed by many to be modern-day Bangalore.
A Place with Deep Historical Roots
Many historians assert that the region has been continuously inhabited for around two thousand years. Some even believe the area has been populated since prehistoric times. During his travels to inspect the conditions in his kingdom, Kempegowda paid attention to the lives of villagers, administrative systems, and public sentiment. His desire to improve governance and promote development speaks volumes about his progressive mindset.
Inspired by the grandeur of Hampi, Kempegowda aspired to build a similar city. His dedication and vision bore fruit, and today, Bengaluru has grown into a global metropolis — a hub of innovation, culture, and resilience.
